El objetivo del presente artículo es proponer una reflexión que contribuya a una mejor y más precisa comprensión de lo que implica la formación en competencias ciudadanas según lo evaluado en las Pruebas Saber. En la primera sección se reflexionará en torno a la función primordial en el orden axiológico político que tienen los valores y los principios constitucionales en la Carta política colombiana. En la segunda, se expondrán los diversos valores y principios constitucionales que deben servir de piso conceptual para el ejercicio pleno de la ciudadanía democrática.

Here we describe an assessment of climate-change vulnerability for the salmon farming sector in southern Chile using a model that combines semi-quantitative measures of Exposure (risks), Sensitivity (economic and social dependence), and Adaptation Capacity (measures that prevent and mitigate impacts).  The evaluation was carried out in 8 pilot communes representative of salmon production (marine grow-out).

We identify and discuss the main problems and challenges in sustainable development faced by the salmon farming industry in Chile from a socio‐economic perspective. This perspective is broad, in that it includes how the industry interacts with society and the environment, but also limited, in that it only assesses the impact on different social groups and economic agents. First, we present a brief description of the structure and socio‐economic relevance of salmon farming in the country.

Marine ecosystem services are in global decline which requires new transformational changes in governance to cope with multiple anthropogenic stressors. We review the biodiversity and ecosystem services outcomes of a governance transformation towards comanagement through the allocation of territorial user rights to artisanal fisher associations (TURFs). Through a systematic review we synthesize the implications of more than 25 years of establishing a TURFs policy over ecosystem services in Chile.

This paper presents a joint estimation of willingness to pay for conservation activities aimed to preserve the flow of ecosystem services provided by a marine protected area network and respondents´ personal discount rate using a contingent valuation survey. It contributes to the literature on identifying people´s discount rates moving beyond the use of the exponential schemes, to include a hyperbolic discount rate through variations in the timing and duration of the provision of public goods.