The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 stresses the importance for economies around the world to double
their efforts in improving energy efficiency. Energy efficiency improvements have been found to trigger economic
growth, albeit empirical evidence to support this claim remains mixed. In a world of widening inequality,
how income inequality dynamics affect the growth and energy efficiency nexus is critical, yet empirical research
investigating the role of income inequality is lacking. This study addresses this concern by examining the

This paper uses data from an employee tracking survey in China for about 6000 incumbent workers to document their dynamic labor market outcomes throughout the year 2020. I find that the employment situation worsened sharply during the lockdown period and then recovered gradually, showing a “V” shaped pattern. However, by the end of November 2020, about 4.4 per cent of 2019 incumbent workers were still unemployed, with few social protections.

This study examined the causal relationship between air pollution and labor productivity, by adopting prison factory data for a perfect measure of labor productivity. To address the endogeneity of air pollution, an instrumental variable strategy was used. The results showed that a 10-unit increase in air pollution index led to a significant decrease in labor productivity by 4%.

La Guía Paso a Paso está estructurada en dos bloques: Bloque 1: Este bloque contiene aspectos teóricos de la EC incluyendo (i) definición, principios y beneficios de la EC (ii) análisis de los vínculos de la EC con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), (iii) análisis del ambiente habilitan y los retos más frecuentes para implementar la EC a nivel local, (iv) importancia de dar seguimiento y evaluar los avances, y (v) el papel que tienen los actores locales en la promoción y adopción de la EC. 

The Training Manual on Climate Smart Agriculture Practices for Belize is intended to be used by technicians and teams working within the Extension Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, the Environment, Sustainable Development and Immigration (MAFFESDI) of Belize, as well as personnel from both Agriculture and Cooperative Departments. Additionally, the manual can be used by technicians linked to producer organizations or agriculture research and development centers. 

Countries that are endowed with extractive resources such as oil and gas can have tremendous impact to the economy if the emanating wealth is well managed, allocated, and distributed. Good governance of extractive resources creates employment thus improving well-being among national citizens. At the same time, for governments, this may generate new revenue streams and fund basic government services and stimulate further economic growth.

This paper studies the direct and spillover effects of the Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP) on rural income. Using a spatial Durbin model on a panel dataset from 101 counties in Inner Mongolia from 1993 to 2015, we show that the TNSFP had a significantly positive effect on rural income and that different afforestation methods and forest types affect rural income in different ways. The main channels include investment, income, health, and so on.