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Abstract There is significant potential to enhance food security and address nutrition and poverty in smallholder farming systems through the adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Nigeria

This study evaluates the impact of climate-smart gardens (CSGs) and black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) on urban households. Both interventions significantly reduced food insecurity and...

| EfD Discussion Paper | Kenya

Abstract We use nationally representative panel data from rural areas and small towns in Ethiopia, matched with fine‑resolution weather data, to investigate the impact of drought on energy poverty…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia

Abstract Mangrove forests provide a myriad of ecosystem services and play a significant role in carbon sequestration, storing up to five times more carbon per hectare than terrestrial forests. Despite…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Kenya

Abstract Energy and water utilities need financial resources to maintain existing infrastructure, increase in capacity to meet growing demand, meet environmental regulations, and invest in climate…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Kenya

The study reveals that households in the GLTFCA rely heavily on both legal and illegal natural resource use for income, with illicit extraction often boosting welfare especially for women headed...

| EfD Discussion Paper | South Africa

Abstract Cooking, a ubiquitous household activity, presents a significant opportunity for energy transition. This study focuses on the transition to the understudied and under-adopted—despite high…

| EfD Discussion Paper | India, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya

Abstract Climate change mitigation is often assumed to be cheaper in developing countries than in developed countries. Yet, existing analyses frequently ignore the cost-effectiveness of price-based…

| EfD Discussion Paper | India, Ghana, Kenya

Abstract Spouses not matched in preference and decision-making power may make inefficient household decisions that may have long-term implications. In this paper, we conduct a series of lab-in-the…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Tanzania

Abstract Extensive previous literature documents that poor households in developing countries reduce food consumption (i.e., calorie intake) in response to a major covariate shock, such as drought. We…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia