We are living in a crisis era, with competing land use for finite land and ill-informed myopic urban land-use policies that remain stagnant, in a world with a rapidly changing urban environment, such as the mushrooming urban agriculture. While smallholder farms in and around cities, in sub-Saharan Africa, provide many ecosystem services including boosting household income and nutrition, and access to land constraints these benefits. This paper examines the willingness to pay for urban farm plots, using a random parameter logit model.

Despite its low contribution to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Kenya bears a disproportionate burden of climate change impacts, which have been exacerbated by COVID-19. These impacts are disrupting the country’s economic performance, as seen in sectors such as agriculture, tourism, forestry, water, and transport. In many cases, the catastrophic effects of climate change are most disruptive to vulnerable groups, such as the poor, women, and children.

Abstract

Experiencing an extreme weather event and its consequences might make the risks associated with climate change more tangible, easier to evaluate, and more salient. Consequently, those experiences might translate into the adoption of pro-environmental behaviours. Understanding this relationship is fundamental for the successful design of policies aimed toward promoting the adoption of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.

Pollution havens create environmental inequality issues. China’s recent policy of directing high-pollution firms to migrate out of its capital, Beijing, offers a case of a pollution haven that was mandated, rather than resulting from firms’ responses to environmental regulation. More importantly, it leads to a question that has been less discussed in previous literature: does a pollution haven strike back?