Addressing plastic bags consumption crises through store monetary and non-monetary interventions in South Africa
EfD Authors:
This research analyses the impact of retailer interventions focusing on the promotion of reusable bags to reduce plastic bag consumption. For this purpose, retail outlet data for March 2018–February 2020 was used. The retail outlet data was analyzed using a panel fixed effects model to evaluate the impact of three treatments on plastic and reusable bag consumption in South Africa.
Inclusive Green Economy Policy Review for Uganda
Inclusive Green Economy Policy Review for Tanzania
Inclusive Green Economy Policy Review for Rwanda
EfD Authors:
In order to achieve Agenda 2030, we need to get the economic incentives right and make sure to leave no one behind. In other words, we need a transformation towards an inclusive green economy. Such transformation requires increased knowledge of, and capacity to apply, policy instruments such as bans, taxes, fees, subsidies, permits, and refund systems that generate incentives for an inclusive green economy. The Inclusive Green Economy (IGE) Program aims to strengthen the country and regional capacity of green economy transformation in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Inclusive Green Economy Policy Review for Kenya
Inclusive Green Economy Policy Review for Ethiopia
Market-Based Instruments for Managing Hazardous Chemicals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda
EfD Authors:
We take stock of the lessons learned from using market-based instruments in chemicals management and discuss the potential for increased use of risk-based taxation in the management of pesticides and other hazardous chemicals. Many chemical substances cause significant diffuse emissions when emitted over wide areas at individually low concentrations. These emissions are typically very difficult and costly to control. The targeted chemical may exist in many products as well as in a wide variety of end uses.