In order to achieve Agenda 2030, we need to get the economic incentives right and make sure to leave no one behind. In other words, we need a transformation towards an inclusive green economy. Such transformation requires increased knowledge of, and capacity to apply, policy instruments such as bans, taxes, fees, subsidies, permits, and refund systems that generate incentives for an inclusive green economy. The Inclusive Green Economy (IGE) Program aims to strengthen the country and regional capacity of green economy transformation in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.

PREFACE

Policymakers have little experience regarding designing the right levels of pricing for plastic bags. The ineffectiveness of charging for bags, in countries such as South Africa, makes it imperative that we map the demand curve. Getting the charge “right” depends on the size of the externality. Charging for bags is therefore an effective intervention to encourage consumers to carry their own bags to the stores. We employ a contingent behaviour (CB) dataset necessary to estimate the charge level that is likely to lead to a reduction in bag use over time.