EfD Vietnam has played a key role in the revision of the environmental law in Vietnam, such as introducing market-based instruments. Meet Pham Khanh Nam, Director of the EfD Center in Vietnam and Dean
Chilean mining municipalities collect a mineral tax to compensate for the negative externalities associated with resource extraction. Although this implies a positive marginal impact on local finance, there is not enough empirical evidence to support that this improves the quality of life in these communities. This article attempts to bridge this knowledge gap via a unique experimental framework, specifically, the Chilean tax system and a mining law that allows certain municipalities above an exogenous threshold to keep the extra income.
Literature on the resource curse argues that resource windfalls, such as those resulting from a commodity price boom, crowd out several determinants of long-term fiscal income (Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2006). Although empirical literature tests this theory at an intercountry context, similar attention has not been paid to that of subnational governments. This different type of spatial scope would reveal how low-tier governments strategically behave in regard to resource windfalls and covering local costs.
Intellectual property is related to industrial property and copyright, and in both cases is considered to be an indicator of innovation and development. The study of innovation subsidies given to innovative firms has been widely reviewed in developed economies, but there is very little empirical evidence for developing countries. And this study looks to provide new insights into developing countries, which motivates the originality of this paper.
Recent studies on Chile agree that the country’s youth enjoy greater social mobility than previous generations. This has been attributed either to their greater access to higher education or to life-cycle effects on occupation. A test of these two hypotheses by estimating the socioeconomic positions of four generations of Chileans using a model of analysis based on the social reproduction paradigm shows that younger generations of Chileans have a lower level of social inheritance than the rest of the population only during their initial years in the labor market.
While there is a growing body of studies on persistence and change in municipal start-up rates in more developed countries, this type of study for developing countries is still scarce. This work analyzes the spatio-temporal dynamics of municipal business start-up rates in Chile between 2005 and 2015 using spatial panel data for 342 Chilean municipalities from the Internal Revenue Service (SII) database and the National Municipal Information System (SINIM).
Local governments intend to offer a better quality of life; so, their targeting of spending and ability to generate income are relevant. This research uses data from a panel of 93 Chilean cities evaluated for the effects of budget structure on the quality of urban life between 2012–2016. For this, an ordered probit model with random effects is used. The results show a positive impact of municipal spending, permanent income, and investment on the studied cities with differences among the indicator’s dimensions
