The role of large traders in driving sustainable agricultural intensification in smallholder farms: Evidence from Kenya

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

Pervasive threats of climate change and land degradation have compounded the inherent low farm productivity problem in sub‐Saharan Africa. Though sustainable agricultural intensification practices have been shown to improve the resilience of farm production in the face of these emerging threats, they suffer low adoption rates typical of any technology adoption in these regions. Recent evidence points to an emergence of large traders in smallholder grain markets of countries in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Agriculture, Climate Change

Saving water at Cape Town schools by using smart metering and behavioral change

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

The city of Cape Town suffered a severe water crisis in 2018. At the peak of the drought in South Africa's Western Cape, a randomized control trial at 105 schools investigated the impact of two behavioral interventions to encourage responsible water usage: detailed water usage data feedback from smart meters, and an interschool competition.

Experiments, Water

Decision-Making in a Water Crisis: Lessons From the Cape Town Drought for Urban Water Policy

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

The water crisis that gripped Cape Town over the 2016–2018 period gained global attention. For a brief period of time in early 2018, it looked as if the legislative capital of South Africa would become the first major city in the world to run out of water. The case of Cape Town has broad implications for how we think about water management in a rapidly urbanizing world.

Climate Change, Policy Design, Water

Can climate information salvage livelihoods in arid and semiarid lands? An evaluation of access, use and impact in Namibia

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

Climate forecasting is a crucial tool for managing risks in climate-sensitive economic sectors like agriculture. Although rainfed subsistence farming dominates livelihoods in Africa, information on access, integration in farm decisions and impact of improved seasonal climate forecasting remains scanty. This paper addresses this gap using representative data of 653 households across three regions in North-Central Namibia.

Agriculture, Climate Change

Risk preferences and poverty traps in the uptake of credit and insurance amongst small-scale farmers in South Africa

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

We use a series of framed experimental games to test the role of access to credit and insurance on farm technology uptake with small-scale farmers in South Africa. Using Cumulative Prospect Theory ‘CPT’, we assess how insurance impacts technology uptake given risk preferences. Our findings suggest that risk aversion is linked to lower uptake of the uninsured and insured technology, while loss averse farmers are more likely to adopt technology bundled with insurance.

Experiments

Results from a water-saving maintenance campaign at Cape Town schools in the run-up to Day Zero

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on

Many South African schools struggle to maintain their water systems, particularly in the water-constrained Western Cape province, where the so-called “Day Zero” drought had intensified the urgency of saving water and increased the cost of supply. The problem is compounded by insufficient governmental funding, the lack of well-structured government policies, and a shortage of skilled maintenance staff at the schools. We evaluate the impact of a plumbing maintenance drive at 196 schools at the apex of the drought.

Experiments

Simple is good: Redesigning utility bills to reduce complexity and increase understanding

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on

This study examines whether the presentation of billing information in a cognitively simple manner increases consumer understanding and satisfaction. 1325 participants were randomly assigned to different treatment groups and received one of nine redesigned utility bills or a standard bill. Comprehension and satisfaction were tested through a questionnaire. Restructuring the bill in a logical order, and displaying electricity consumption with separate bar graphs, had a positive effect on understanding.

Water

Temporal case study of household behavioural response to Cape Town's “Day Zero” using smart meter data

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

Faced with the threat of “Day Zero”, when it was feared that Cape Town's taps could run dry, consumers reduced household water usage from 540 to 280 L per household per day over the 36 months between January 2015 and January 2018. This paper describes the events that prompted this reduction. We look at how changes in water use were affected by official announcements and by public engagement with this news via the social media activity and internet searches. We analysed the water usage of a subset of middle to high income households where smart hot and cold water meters were installed.

Climate Change, Policy Design, Water

Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

The natural conservation of coastal lagoons is important not only for their ecological importance, but also because of the valuable ecosystem services they provide for human welfare and wellbeing. Coastal lagoons are shallow semi-enclosed systems that support important habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, salt-marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as a rich biodiversity. Coastal lagoons are also complex social-ecological systems with ecosystem services that provide livelihoods, wellbeing and welfare to humans.

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation

Gender differences in poaching attitudes: Insights from communities in Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe living near the great Limpopo

Submitted by Tali Hoffman on
EfD Authors:

To what extent and how do men and women differ in their attitudes about poaching? Although research suggests that women can be more concerned about environmental degradation than men, inquiries about communities in protected areas are ambiguous: women are disproportionately affected by anti‐poaching laws and can have greater motivations to violate rules.

Biodiversity, Conservation