Does access to electricity accelerate home-based business creation in rural Ethiopia?
EfD Authors:
KEY MESSAGES
Most of the businesses in rural areas are home-based, i.e., the household runs businesses such as food sales, restaurants, mobile, and electronics shops, barbering, etc., within their residence. Rural households’ business ownership increased from 17.5% in 2011 to 28.5% in 2016. We found that:
Response and adaptation of agriculture to climate change: evidence from China
EfD Authors:
This article aims to identify the mechanism of how climate change affects agriculture through various channels and the mechanism of longer-run adaptation. Using a county-panel dataset spanning the past 35 years, we evaluate the impact of global warming on agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) as well as the impacts on agricultural inputs and outputs in China. Results show that, in the short run, extreme heat has negative effects on China’s agricultural TFP and input utilization, which results in a more negative effect on agricultural output measured by yield.
The effect of export tax rebates on product quality: evidence from China's agricultural product processing industry
EfD Authors:
This study aims to establish the linkage among export tax rebate (ETR), firm innovation and product quality of Chinese agricultural product processing industry (APPI), so that more targeted policy implications can be discussed.
Using highly disaggregated firm-product-destination-level data through 2001 to 2013 of Chinese APPI, this study employs a two-way fixed effects specification to establish the linkage between ETR and product quality, while the mediational model is adopted to examine potential mechanisms.
Costs of an environmental regulation in livestock farming: Evidence from pig production in rural China
EfD Authors:
We investigate the cost and benefit of one of the most stringent Chinese environmental regulations that led to a shutdown of a large number of livestock farms. The temporal and spatial variation in programme implementation allows us to employ a staggered difference-in-difference (DID) to identify the causal effects of the regulation. Our DID estimates show that while the regulation significantly reduced NH3-N, it has no significant effect on the other three important livestock related pollutants (pH, DO and COD).
MPAs and Aspatial Policies in Artesanal Fisheries
When SPAs are small and budget-constrained, they cannot resolve all of the marines cape's open-access issues, but they can create win-win opportunities for ecological and economic goals at lower levels of enforcement. Spatial policies -taxes, gear restrictions, license restrictions, and livelihood programs- improve the MPA's ability to generate ecological gains, and licenses and livelihood policies can mitigate MPA-induced income burdens.
Perceptions of Extreme Weather Events and Adaptation Decisions
EfD Authors:
In order to formulate climate change policies, more information is needed about the challenges related to extreme weather events to Central America agriculture. However, the gap of information need to be fulfilled.