Ecosystem services (ES) are the benefits ecosystems provide to society. These services grant the necessary conditions for sustainable life and influence human well-being in all dimensions.
Environmental Services include all contributions of nature to humans, and these are relative according to the context and the existence of alternatives (IPBES 2019). Ecosystem degradation jeopardizes the sustainable provision of these services. In this context, Payne for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes arose as policy instruments that promote pro-environmental land use through financial incentives for actions that improve, maintain, or maximize the provision of ES (Kim et al. 2016).
One central area for improvement of most PES is their need for ES measurement. Due to the technical difficulty and high cost of measuring ES periodically, most PES only monitor land uses and practices granted under PES contracts.
