Environmental Services include all contributions of nature to humans, and these are relative according to the context and the existence of alternatives (IPBES 2019). Ecosystem degradation jeopardizes the sustainable provision of these services. In this context, Payne for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes arose as policy instruments that promote pro-environmental land use through financial incentives for actions that improve, maintain, or maximize the provision of ES (Kim et al. 2016). 

Human progress, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability are core indicators target to be achieved by 2030. Substantial interaction resulting from anthropogenic activities with the intent of fostering prosperity is surging climate change.

Using territorial- and consumption-based carbon emissions as proxies for carbon risk, the study examined the impact of innovation on carbon risk while controlling for institutional quality and financial development effects in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1986 to 2021. To address cross-sectional dependence and ensure robustness, we employed the augmented mean group (AMG) and cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL) estimation techniques.

The increasing concern for sustainable forest and protected forest resources motivates this study. In the wake of rising protected forest depletion, climate change and public health problems, this study through a bidding game format develops a sustainability index to show households’ sustainability behavior toward the protected forests in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Relying on a cross-section of household survey data and regression analysis, this study finds that overall, approximately 79% of respondents exhibited sustainable behavior toward protected forests in GAR.