Environmental education is regarded as a key instrument for promoting pro-environmental behavior in early childhood. In this paper, we analyze the transmission process within a personal value system including knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding the consumption and disposal of plastics among school children, and the extent to which parents play a role in mediating that transmission. The study gathers data from a sample of 1,521 children in southern Chile.

This study uses “big” data to empirically investigate a highly effective, but underexamined way of reducing one’s exposure toward air pollution—short-term travel. We determine subscribers’ locations using mobile phones’ signals and thereby establish linkages between air pollution and short-term population movements between cities in China.

To cope with the stricter environmental regulation, manufacturing firms need to carry out pollution reduction activities and change their optimal production decisions, which may affect their labor demand.

Are COVID-19 spread and mortality related to different countries’ government mobility restriction policies, democratic institutions, and cultural norms? Leveraging data from 140 countries, we find that policy, institutions, and vulnerabilities interact to determine pandemic spread and mortality. A delay in restricting international mobility increases pandemic mortality. Combining vulnerabilities with a delay in domestic mobility restrictions increases mortality.

This paper uses data from an employee tracking survey in China for about 6000 incumbent workers to document their dynamic labor market outcomes throughout the year 2020. I find that the employment situation worsened sharply during the lockdown period and then recovered gradually, showing a “V” shaped pattern. However, by the end of November 2020, about 4.4 per cent of 2019 incumbent workers were still unemployed, with few social protections.

This study examined the causal relationship between air pollution and labor productivity, by adopting prison factory data for a perfect measure of labor productivity. To address the endogeneity of air pollution, an instrumental variable strategy was used. The results showed that a 10-unit increase in air pollution index led to a significant decrease in labor productivity by 4%.

Significance

When SPAs are small and budget-constrained, they cannot resolve all of the marines cape's open-access issues, but they can create win-win opportunities for ecological and economic goals at lower levels of enforcement. Spatial policies -taxes, gear restrictions, license restrictions, and livelihood programs- improve the MPA's ability to generate ecological gains, and licenses and livelihood policies can mitigate MPA-induced income burdens.