Energy Efficiency, Innovation and Productivity of Female-Owned Enterprises in Selected East and West African Countries

This study seeks to investigate the association between energy efficiency and productivity and innovation of manufacturing enterprises for selected East and West African countries including Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, and Nigeria. To address the gender perspective, the study specifically considers female- owned manufacturing enterprises in the selected countries. Data will be sourced from the World Bank Enterprise Survey and the dynamic panel model vis-a-vis stochastic efficiency analysis will be used as estimation strategy. Accordingly, the study explicitly addresses the pattern of energy intensity alongside the effect of energy efficiency on the respective countries manufacturing enterprises productivity (labor and total). The link between innovation and energy efficiency will also be empirically examined.