This Brief presents a framework that can be used to assess the potential impact of Payments for Environmental Services (PES) schemes. Factors that determines the impact of PES are discussed such as…

In settings in which people rely directly on either forest or marine resources, protecting both the natural resources and livelihoods is challenging. Findings from Tanzania suggest that, where budgets…

The restitution of parkland to the Khomani San “bushmen” and Mier “agricultural” communities in May 2002 marked a significant shift in conservation in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and environs in…

How does uncertainty about “dangerous” climate change affect the prospects for international cooperation? Climate negotiations usually are depicted as a prisoners’ dilemma game; collectively…

We argue for integrating the consideration of location in policy planning in three ways, in order to help to predict policy impacts on deforestation and, thereby, improve policy choices. Policies must…

We examine regulations for managing pest resistance to pesticide varieties in a temporally and spatially explicit framework. We compare the performance of the EPA’s mandatory refuges and a tax (or…

Climate change and escalating environmental degradation risk becoming key constraints to economic growth and human development. Poor women and men in developing and transitional countries are…

This review seeks to analyze the implementation of Market Based Instruments (MBIs) in developing countries. The focus is mostly (but not exclusively) on the empirical literature. The evidence is that…

To reduce plastic bag litter, China introduced a nationwide regulation requiring all retailers to charge for plastic shopping bags on 1 June 2008. By using the policy implementation as a natural…

Many rural areas of Africa are characterised by high levels of unemployment, poverty and increasing population densities. Arid climates and erratic rainfall also make many of these areas marginal for…