Studies on women's education often use indicators of social practices as proxies for social norms but fail to account for three critical features of norms: they are latent, multifaceted, and shaped by external factors. To address these gaps, the study employ the MIMIC (Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes) model within a structural equation framework. This method enables the inclusion of various social practices, each serving as an imperfect representation of an underlying norm, while also identifying exogenous factors that can drive changes in these norms.

Abstract 

Abstract: Kenya, like many other countries, is increasingly relying on a Blue Economy approach to ensure its sustainable development, an approach founded on the premise of poverty eradication by providing sustainable livelihoods and decent work, supplying food and minerals, generating oxygen, absorbing greenhouse gases, mitigating the impacts of climate change, and serving as highways for sea-based international trade.

Abstract: The lived realities of many rural communities, and even the urban poor in Kenya, are characterised by poverty, inequality, high dependence on natural resources, rainfed agriculture, and sociocultural norms that influence their action or inaction. Recurrent droughts, floods, and changing rainfall patterns, largely caused by climate change and climate variability, further reinforce these communities' challenges.