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EfD participated at COP 28
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EfD was featured in two events. At a side event ”Towards the establishment of a standardized carbon...
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EfD Nigeria trains fish farmers on best practices
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Over 178 aquaculture farmers from two cooperative societies in Delta State, Nigeria, benefitted from...
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EfD centers and policymakers strategize on how to promote sustainable use of Lake Victoria Basin
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Lake Victoria is a transboundary natural resource, underpinning the economies and livelihoods of the...
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Government officials were trained in cost-benefit analysis for environmental impact assessment
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EfD Tanzania researchers conducted a workshop for National Environment Management Council (NEMC)...
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Water impacts of the Costa Rican Payment for Ecosystem services scheme evaluated
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EfD Central America researchers worked with the National Forestry Financing Fund (Fonafifo) to...
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EfD India hosts roundtable discussion on a carbon pricing policy for India
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A roundtable debated the role of carbon pricing in India’s climate change mitigation strategy...
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EfD Chile helps the government tackle air pollution
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The Chilean EfD research team has been working alongside government authorities in the design...
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Policymakers and researchers learn about participatory forest management in Nepal and Ethiopia
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EfD organized a study tour to Nepal in November 2023, where researchers and policymakers jointly...
Smallholder Avocado Contract Farming in Kenya: Determinants and Differentials in Outcomes
EfD Authors:
Avocado is a non-traditional export crop of economic importance in Kenya. Commercialization of the fruit through contract farming is a viable alternative for improving the welfare of majority of smallholder farmers involved in its production. This paper explores factors influencing the participation of smallholder farmers in avocado contract farming and decomposes those contributing to differentials in quality and quantities of fruit harvested and sold by contract and non-contract farmers.