Abstract

Urban sprawl has gained popularity in academic discourse in recent times, but the majority of the research was conducted in developed countries. There is a marginal body of works on the character and nature of urban sprawl in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although the region isexperiencing one of the fastest rates of sprawl. Urbanisation in SSA is very rapid, and in addition to the emerging challenges of globalisation, climate change and poverty, SSA cities have an enormous task to manage urban sprawl.

Highlights

• Consumption of firewood decreases while charcoal and LPG increases with land-use change/intensity The factors that determine the choice of energy included Land-use change/intensity and the livelihood activities.

• Sustainable energy policy should embrace energy stacking and strongly encourage reforestation.

One of the important developmental topics of global concern is how
to achieve sustainable urban development in developing countries
where urban sprawl is very rapid. This is because urban sprawl
have adverse consequences on the environment and human
welfare. Indicator-based methods have become popular among
the approaches developed to determine sustainability of urban
environments and have been widely used to measure sustainable
development of cities. This paper uses Shannon’s entropy to

Highlights

Highlights

• Studies assessing households' vulnerability to floods significantly ignore the element of underestimation.

• The concept of “Perceived Vulnerability” enhances the value of assessing flood risks.

• Gender differences of household heads exist in Perceived Vulnerability to urban floods.

• Age among male household heads determined underestimation of floods although non-linear.