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Over a dozen studies have examined how households who travel to collect water (about one quarter of humanity) make choices about where and how much to collect. There is little evidence, however, that…

| EfD Discussion Paper |

This study examines the role of Ethiopia’s productive safety net program (PSNP) and its modes of benefit transfer in vulnerability to nutritional outcomes among female- and male-headed households…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia

The present study investigates the effects of combinations of climate smart agricultural practices on risk exposure and cost of risk. We do this by examining the different risk components – mean…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia

The extensive kelp forests along Chile’s coastline are an important source of income for many small fishing operations in Chile. But harvesting pressure has denuded many areas of the sea floor…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Chile

Limited non-farm opportunities in the rural areas of the developing world, coupled with population growth, means agriculture will continue to play a dominant role as a source of livelihood in these…

| EfD Discussion Paper | South Africa

Wildlife is widely becoming an important vehicle for rural development in most third-world countries across the globe. With wildlife, as with other conservation and development policies, policymakers…

| EfD Discussion Paper | South Africa

The loss of ecosystems in cities may involve high long-term economic costs and severe impacts on social, cultural, and economic values. However, it is difficult to put a number on the benefits of…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia

This paper examines relationships between crop insurance participation and input technology decisions among Chilean wheat farmers. Using nation-wide farm-level data from the National Agriculture and…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Chile

Empirical assessment of relationships between land use and land cover (LULC) and drinking water chemical treatment cost is lacking in developing countries. This study is conducted to assess the impact…

| EfD Discussion Paper | Ethiopia

Climate change has compounded the uncertainties inherent in agriculture. Farmers have to make decisions faced with increasingly fluctuating weather, leaving them vulnerable. Access to climate-related…

| EfD Discussion Paper | South Africa