Whether embankments should be used to control floods is a question of great importance in the eastern Gangetic plain, where embankment breaches cause severe flood damage every year and huge damage due to major breaches every few years. Critics of the embankment policy have called for a strategy of living with floods by building dispersed infrastructure to cope with floods. However, no cost–benefit analysis of alternative strategies is available. This paper makes a first pass at evaluating embankments.

In this article, we estimate both the economic value of water and own-price and cross-price elasticities of water for the Chilean manufacturing industry using the production function approach. Estimating the production function allows us to estimate the marginal productivity of water which corresponds to its economic value. Our estimations are based on panel data obtained from the National Industrial Survey for the period 1995–2014, accounting for more than 10,000 industrial plants.

This paper analyses the existence of convergence in residential water consumption across geographical regions using econometric methods taken from the economic growth literature and a panel of water consumption of 348 Chilean localities from 2010 to 2015. Convergence was found, and the main causes were factors related to economic and climate variables.

This study assessed the water quality of the hand-dug well groundwater of Independence Layout, a highly populated district of Enugu Metropolis in Enugu State of Nigeria by sampling 14 hand-dug wells during the rainy and dry seasons. Samples were collected in such a manner as to ensure that each of the seven zones that make up the district had two wells sampled. The water quality was assessed based on the biological and physico-chemical properties of the groundwater. Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed in the laboratory analysis of the heavy metals.