Africa continues to suffer from the effects of climate change in many ways. Records show that the continent’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have seen tremendous upward adjustments over the past decades. While international tourism and renewable energy have been touted as sources of reducing CO2 emissions, the empirical evidence has been mixed, and it is also unclear how exchange rates moderate the effect of tourism on CO2 emissions.

Ghana's energy intensity trends point to a high energy use necessary to generate a unit of output. The country has also witnessed massive investment in energy infrastructure geared towards meeting its lower middle-income status and achieving universal access to energy. The logical question is: what is the contribution of the current economic and technical infrastructure level to the country's energy intensity?